Objective: Rural regions in Korea are facing widening healthcare gaps due to population aging and fragile medical infrastructure. The sharp decline in the number of public health doctors of Western medicine has intensified shortages in local health centers and sub-centers, contributing to health inequities. This study aims to reframe the role of public health doctors of Korean medicine in addressing these regional healthcare gaps by analyzing current limitations, examining the need for expanding their scope of practice, and presenting ongoing initiatives. Methods: We reviewed demographic and workforce data illustrating the decline of Western medicine public health doctors, analyzed institutional boundaries related to “minor medical procedures,” and synthesized evidence from surveys, training programs, policy reports, and advocacy documents conducted by the Korean Medicine Public Health Doctors Association. Results: Findings indicate that public health doctors of Korean medicine have served as a crucial pillar of community healthcare by managing chronic conditions, supporting preventive services, and sustaining primary care delivery. However, their contributions remain constrained by restrictions on minor medical procedures—a set of tasks already permitted for community health practitioners. Despite this limitation, the Korean Medicine Public Health Doctors Association has implemented structured training in clinical skills, developed emergency response guidelines, conducted nationwide surveys, and submitted policy proposals to address this gap. Conclusion: Reframing the role of public health doctors of Korean medicine is essential for strengthening essential healthcare in rural areas. Expanding their authority to perform minor medical procedures would help mitigate current service shortages and reinforce the sustainability of community health systems. This model carries national significance for Korea’s rural healthcare system and offers broader implications for regions facing similar challenges.