Traditional Korean Medicine (TKM) has historically focused on personalized care, an approach that aligns with the principles of modern precision medicine. Recent advances in “”omics”” technologies, such as genomics and metabolomics, are helping to validate and refine these traditional methods. For example, studies have shown that Sasang constitutional types have a moderate heritability of around 40–55% and are linked to specific genetic markers that influence metabolic and neuroendocrine functions. Pharmacogenomic research is also revealing how a person’s genetics can predict their response to TKM treatments. Specific genetic variants, like COMT Val158Met and OPRM1 A118G, have been found to affect how well acupuncture works for pain relief. Another variant, HLA-B*35:01, is associated with a higher risk of liver injury from certain herbal medicines. New research initiatives are combining standardized TKM diagnostics with comprehensive genetic and metabolic data. This information is being used to train machine-learning models to objectively classify a person’s constitution and predict how they will respond to treatment. Despite this progress, several challenges remain. The field needs to standardize diagnostic criteria, expand research to include more diverse ethnic groups, and develop better tools for data analysis. It also needs to provide training for clinicians in genomics and establish clear ethical and regulatory guidelines. Nevertheless, these early findings show promise, demonstrating that an integrated, data-driven future for TKM could lead to more precise, effective, and safer treatments.